moderna s covid 19 mrna vaccines  (Moderna)

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with structural reorganization of vaccine-induced immune responses in people living with HIV

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1821444

Figure Lengend Snippet: scRNA-seq of peripheral immune cells. UMAP and clustering analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from (a) healthy control donors, (b) PLWH with normal CD4/CD8 ratio, and (c) PLWH with low cells CD4/CD8 ratio before and after COVID-19 vaccinations resulted in the identification of 22 transcriptionally distinct clusters. Individual cells are colored by cluster identity determined by Azimuth reference. Bar plots show the proportion of cells. UMAP plots on the third column represent the total number of cells from all donor samples, and individual cells are colored by ratio group (healthy control: blue; PLWH normal CD4/CD8 ratio: green; PLWH with low cells CD4/CD8 ratio: red; all other cells: gray). Mono, monocytes; CD14, CD14-positive; CD16, CD16-positive; CD4, CD4-positive; CD8, CD8-positive; CD4 CTL, CD4-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CD4/CD8 TEM, CD4-/CD8-positive effector memory T cell; CD4/CD8 TCM, CD4-/CD8-positive central memory T cell; Treg, regulatory T cell; MAIT, Mucosal associated invariant T cell; NK, natural killer cell; ASDC, AXL+ dendritic cell; cDC1, CD141-positive myeloid dendritic cell; cDC2, CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell.

Article Snippet: Although the PLWH cohort included both Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine recipients, analyses were restricted to Pfizer-BioNTech due to sample size constraints and the absence of Moderna-vaccinated healthy controls, limiting assessment of platform-specific effects.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with structural reorganization of vaccine-induced immune responses in people living with HIV

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1821444

Figure Lengend Snippet: Network reorganization and redistribution of node degree in immune cell populations following COVID-19 vaccination. (A–L) Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks constructed from differentially expressed genes in CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and monocytes from HC (HC), PLWH with a normal CD4/CD8 ratio, and PLWH with a low CD4/CD8 ratio. Nodes represent genes and are colored by direction of expression change following vaccination (red, upregulated; blue, downregulated). Node size is proportional to node degree (number of interactions). The five most frequently occurring genes across the 12 networks are indicated by dark green arrows. (M) Distribution of node degree (log10 scale) for upregulated and downregulated genes in monocyte networks across conditions. Each point represents a gene, and boxplots summarize the distribution within each group. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Differences in network node degree were not attributable to differences in monocyte cell abundance or transcriptional complexity (supplementary Supplementary Figure 2 ). (N) Scatter plots showing the relationship between average log2 fold change (post vs pre vaccination) and PPI node degree in monocytes across conditions. Dashed vertical lines indicate log2FC = 0, and dashed horizontal lines indicate the node-degree cutoff used to define high-degree nodes. Panels are shown on a linear y-axis; in the low CD4/CD8 group, values above the plotting range were truncated for visualization.

Article Snippet: Although the PLWH cohort included both Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine recipients, analyses were restricted to Pfizer-BioNTech due to sample size constraints and the absence of Moderna-vaccinated healthy controls, limiting assessment of platform-specific effects.

Techniques: Construct, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with structural reorganization of vaccine-induced immune responses in people living with HIV

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1821444

Figure Lengend Snippet: BCR repertoire analysis using bulk RNA sequencing. (A) Isotype usage of healthy and PLWH donors before and after COVID-19 vaccinations. (B) The number of similar IGH sequence pairs (Pairs No) before and after vaccination matched to known antibodies from the coronavirus antibody database (CoV-AbDab). Bars represent mean values, and error bars indicate SEM.

Article Snippet: Although the PLWH cohort included both Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine recipients, analyses were restricted to Pfizer-BioNTech due to sample size constraints and the absence of Moderna-vaccinated healthy controls, limiting assessment of platform-specific effects.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Sequencing